Time Management Essay - 600 Words

Time Management The largest percentage of my time went into sleeping which isn’t a surprise, however tracking how I used my time made it obvious that further time management was needed to achieve my maximum potential. Such improvements would be to the undesirable categories: Structured and Un-structured leisure, a decrease by half the amount of hours used by these categories would assist my private studies and improve my overall academic performance. This should lead to a third of my time into travelling, eating, class contact, structured and un-structured leisure. And another third into private study and finally the last third into sleeping. Trying this new arrangement of time keeping provided to be a positive outcome in my day to day†¦show more content†¦Managing my time was difficult at those weeks as it meant planning how to use the space provided in the diary, the style (font style) and presentation to allocate appropriate times for modules, meetings, and appointments, all of these must be effective and realistic to suite my life style. In addition, those weeks seems as an unpleasant challenge rather a positive experience to be a university student. I had little time to spend visiting and using the university facilities, which proved to aid my education i n the following weeks (wk 5-9). At the same time I tried compressing my available time for coursework research, preparation (making notes) before a particular lecture or assignments (e.g. cell biology essay), and keeping track of future assignments, etc. As a resulted it affected my sleeping time and lead to a lack of concentration during lectures, which suggested my time management was not suitable for me. In week 5 after attempting the human physiology MCQ, I scored below my average standards, which confirmed my time management wasn’t helping me at all and that my study skills need to improve too, therefore a change was taken seriously by cutting down nearly half the hours spent with structured and un-structured leisure, i.e. cutting down on TV, web-surfing, socializing, and gym activities. Therefore adjusting the time evenly with all the modules and other activitiesShow MoreRelatedTime Management And Its Impact On Students862 Words   |  4 PagesMany students find it har d to manage their time well; whether they are trying to juggle academic responsibilities such as just getting to classes, trying to keep up with the continuous demands of each class like studying, or with trying to complete multiple assignments that have to be completed before the deadline. It can be onerous. Especially, in college, there are so many distractions: different clubs, sports, and other campus activities that you can participate in such LEAD helping the communityRead MoreTime Management1233 Words   |  5 PagesTime Management By: Time management is often thought of when describing task related to business management or executive positions; those who have meetings and appointments related to business deals as well as meeting deadlines and time lines. 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The key wasRead MoreTime Management1901 Words   |  8 PagesTime management in the business world – research paper outline Kaynnera T. Capers Organizational Management Time Management in the Business World It is true that the majority of the time, people learn to manage their time the proverbial hard way (i.e. working late at night, trial and error, barely meeting deadlines, etc.). The definition of time management can be stated to be the process of both controlling and understanding the time spent on a variety of activities. Time management is by andRead MoreTime Management And School / Life Balance1156 Words   |  5 PagesCompleted Training: Time Management and School/Life Balance Based upon Ms. Mendia’s recommendation, I enrolled in and successfully completed the course: Work Smarter, Not Harder: Time Management for Personal Professional Productivity under Coursera a UC Irvine Extension that was offered online (enclosed number 5 please find a certificate of course completion). I have learned to make a schedule of tasks, to prioritize my tasks and goals by categorizing them under personal and professional, groupRead MoreThe Importance of Time Management1424 Words   |  6 PagesSPC Becky Geiger 5 April 2013 Corrective Training The importance of time management. Steps to take to avoid or prevent tardiness. There are many reasons that time management is important. For example, if your unit was getting ready for deployment, you would need to be at the right place at the right the time, to receive any information you or your fellow soldiers may need to know before you leave. If you weren’t there when you were told to be then you would fall court martial under articleRead MoreTime Management At The Workplace1675 Words   |  7 PagesTime Management at the Workplace and The Importance of Being on Time Hunter J. Bullock 4th Ranger Training Battalion Time Management at the Workplace and The Importance of Being on Time â€Å"The average person uses 13 different methods to control and manage their time.† Wetmore, D. E. (1999, August 23). Time Management Facts and Figures. Retrieved from http://www.balancetime.com/articles/tm_facts_and_figures.htm It is imperative to arrive on time to anything and everything that has been pre-plannedRead MoreReflection On Time Management1081 Words   |  5 PagesTime management seems to be an issue that many people struggle with. It is important to learn to balance work, school, and familial responsibilities. I plan to utilize any free time to work on school work, implementing Pareto’s Law, and looking at the big picture. Recently, a friend and I were planning our annual summer trip, which is the only time we see each other each year. I told her that there is only one weekend in which I will not be in the middle of school. She responded by saying, â€Å"That’s

My Job Experience Free Essays

Narrative Story: The first-person narrative is a literary technique wherein a story is narrated explicitly by one or more of the characters, who refers to himself or herself in the first person as â€Å"I†. As the narrator express his/her own feelings, thoughts, and experiences, the narrator’s character is revealed and the reader easily gains insight to the character. It also suspends information from the reader, and therefore widely used and effective to suspense and detective fiction. We will write a custom essay sample on My Job Experience or any similar topic only for you Order Now My Job Experience I woke up with a loud ringing near my head. A few days back, or years to be exact, I would have easily put it off and dose back again on my soft pillows. Ahh, but this day was different. It’s my first day in my first job ever. I could hear my head pounding. I never needed the alarm clock in the first place anyway, since I hardly slept last night. I’ve always seen myself as a ‘cool guy’ but the butterlies in my stomach speaks much differently about me, though. I headed for the shower and felt the water slap me from my semi-half-awake half-asleep state. Breakfast! But where are my stockings? Though contrary to real day-today experience, I wish mom was here. Well, better get off now or I might miss the bus. I surely want to make a good first impression and hope this will carry me all the way to promotions. I can hardly wait right now to experience the sweet smell of success! I stopped myself as I saw a man staring at me. Daydreaming may have been written all over my face. Secretly, I pinched myself for making a fool of me. As I came inside the building, I headed for the shop to which I was assigned. Across the shop, Darlene Shepherd subtly nodded at me, acknowledging approval of my early arrival. She was the one who chose me as a shop steward. Of course, I wanted to prove my worth. I love the dignity of work, but best of all, I love to walk around the corner and shop just a liiiitle bit of little-bitty things. My first day in my first job closed shopped with less adventure than I expected. This routine, except for the case of the missing stockings, went on for some time. Until last April, I saw my coworker named Daniels crying. Apparently, she was reprimanded. I came near her. At first it felt awkward hugging her a bit ( we hardly knew each other except for our first names). But when I did, her tears fell all the more, and I was completely taken over by her concern It was mid-afternoon, she said when her legs became awfully painful trying to stand all day. As the pain became almost unbearable, she tried to sit on one of the chairs placed near the customer’s area. Though shoppers were becoming fewer by the moment, Mr. Jarvis (our head supervisor) came in just as she sat down on the couch. Think about perfect wrong- timing indeed! I could understand where Mr. Jarvis is coming from, since it did look the way it should’nt look. But termination? I tried to calm myself down. Being angry might give me my fifteen minutes of victory but it could defeat my career-history. I brought the case to higher management. I carefully chose and weighed my words and to my amazement†¦ they listened and relented. From then on my co-workers would start looking for me to speak for them whenever they have concerns that they feel uneasy to face with the supervisor or manager. I found myself getting more and more involved in my co-employees’ work-related concerns. I have learned to listen and empathize with them, without getting emotionally involved myself whenever the outcome turns out unfavorable. I never did saw myself before as what I am becoming right now. Lately, we’ve been involved in community outreach to feed the homeless. It’s a pretty sight to see big-muscled Jack teaching math to 5 year- old Sam. I’ve seen how generous below-middle class workers could be with their spare time. I thought plenty spells generosity, but my co-workers proved them wrong. Before we started this project, I honestly had some doubts as to its success and sustainability. Before, it was just us, me and the union. I believe in the union’s contribution to the betterment of the worker’s welfare. And yet, the more we ask, the more we see things to complain about. There seems to be no end on what to grudge about. Of course, as we go along helping the needy, there would be more things to sort out, too. And more things to improve on. Yeah, life as a shop steward does have its many rewards. Shopping? Maybe. For now I see my storehouse rich with life’s lessons — being my brother’s keeper (whether one is rich or not-so-rich), standing up for what is just and striving for equality. As we wrap our things and clean up the mess after the feeding program, all around me, I see tired happy faces. Tired, but happy. Reference: 1. â€Å"First-Person Narrative†. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/literary_styles How to cite My Job Experience, Papers

Organizational Culture Essay Example

Organizational Culture Essay Behavior in Globalized Context 1. What is the relationship between an institutional system and an organizational culture? The process when an â€Å"organization takes on a life of its own, apart from its founders or members, and acquires immortality† is called institutionalization by Robbins and Judge. That means that the organization in itself does not change even if the founder dies or important managers leave the company, it will remain basically the same in the future as it has been in the past. Furthermore, these institutions influence the behavior and make some actions more understood than they perhaps should be. For example a very authoritarian management behavior that obstructs innovations and harms the external view on the company, but is tolerated by the entrepreneur as he acts in the same way. Even though a company may have achieved its original goals, it will continue its business with new goals if it is institutionalized. Organizational culture can be defined as â€Å"a system of shared meaning held by members that distinguishes the organization from other organizations†. This shows that every organization is different because of its values that origin from the organization’s founders and from the employees who are specifically selected in consideration of these values. Robbins and Judge identify seven primary characteristics to describe a culture: innovation and risk taking, attention to detail, outcome orientation, people orientation, team orientation, aggressiveness and stability. We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Culture specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Culture specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Culture specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It is vital for a company to have a matching culture to the means of an organization: for instance should a high-technology firm not be afraid of risk-taking and ought to give high attention to detail and team orientation; a retailer in a very competitive market should rather be outcome oriented and does not necessarily have to be very innovative. All of these seven attitudes could also be used for human beings which points up that an organization with its own culture develops its own personality. Organizational culture can also be seen as a descriptive term how employees perceive a firm’s culture. Robbins and Judge call institutionalization the forerunner of organizational culture as it already exists for a significant longer time. In the past a firm was considered more as â€Å"rational -1- means† that was strictly organized, controlled and influenced people. It was not supposed to have an own personality, values and culture. When the concept of institutionalization was introduced, it was the first time to acknowledge that corporations are more than just a rational system, that people are a very important part of every organization and that these employees shape an organization as well as they are influenced by it. In the concept of organizational culture, the focus on the members of each organization is even stronger as business would not work without the employees. Therefore an institutional system and an organization’s culture can be seen as related to each other, but they are still two very different ways to direct employees. Both concepts show the importance of people in an organization and consider an organization as a person in itself. An organization has its own values and acts according to them. They continue to â€Å"live† even if the members of the organization change continuously. However, institutionalization regards rules and structures as necessary and even as substitutes for managerial discretion. It is more about controlling people to act in the desired manner and influence their behavior with direct orders or regulations. Organizational culture can be considered as a broader view: it contains all aspects that concern an organization’s members. Their minds and values also influence the rules and regulations and thus the institutional system of these companies. Thus, a strong culture can be considered superior to an institutional system within a company as the culture influences the employees who shape the rules of a firm and is extremely difficult to change. 2. How does organizational culture help management? Organizational culture has a lot of functions and effects on a firm and its members: it helps to distinguish between different organizations; it creates a common identity for employees; culture can generate a high commitment of an organization’s members; it secures the social system within a firm; and it can be a control and directing system for employees. For the management this means that organizational culture is a very important part of the hiring process and facilitates the selection of people if they have equal skills. An applicant should not only have the soft and hard skills (i. e. communication skills, networking competency, computer skills, business or technical knowledge etc. ), but ought to fit also into a company’s culture, thus he or she should have similar beliefs and values to those of the organization. Moreover, a strong culture helps the management to motivate the employees for common goals and to build a strong esprit de corps which is a fundamental part of success in several departments (e. g. in the sales department as some studies show1). It also ensures that employees act in a consistent manner with the core values. The latter is particularly a very important point when employees represent their firm while talking to customers or at business conferences. As already mentioned above, organizational culture can show how employees perceive an organization’s culture. But you have to distinguish how strong and dominant a culture is: normally there is one dominant culture within a company – this term describes core values shared by the organization’s members – but several subcultures that share the same core values but have differing departmental values. This implies that even the change from one department to another within a firm can include a change in some important values for the employee and should be wisely considered therefore. The strength of a culture describes how intensely an organization’s core values are shared and how they are shared within the firm. Hence, in a strong culture the management doesn’t have to pay so much attention to formal rules and regulations to influence employees because the culture already creates an internal climate of behavioral control and employees acknowledge these rules already as part of the organizational culture. Therefore it is easier for the management to focus on its main tasks and not only on controlling people if there is a strong and commonly shared and accepted culture. Furthermore, an elaborate and widely shared organizational culture influences the organizational climate positively. This in turn is motivating for employees to act in a company’s best interest: if performance is promoted, employees try to perform as well as possible; if innovation is the main target, the staff will try to enhance current products, develop new products and are willing to take more risk for that than in a climate that supports stability. It is therefore vital for the management to pursue a climate that is consistent with the company’s goals in order to achieve a maximum performance by the employees. However, a strong organizational culture is not always beneficial and can be a serious managerial challenge. In the last couple of years the need for change management was widely recognized in academic and in practical fields2. A strong culture can be one main reason for 1 E. g. Jones, Eli, Dixon, Andrea L. , Chonko, Lawrence B. and Joseph P. Cannon, Key Accounts and Team Selling: A Review, Framework, and Research Agenda, 2005, Journal of Personal Selling Sales Management, vol. XXV, no. 2, pp. 181-198. 2 E. g. Kotter, John P. Leading Change: Why Transformation Efforts Fail, Harvard Business Review, January 2007. this need as it often hinders innovation as the company – often influenced especially by the founder – wants to continue its business as it did before even though the environment has changed and there is an urgent need for change. Moreover, managers need to pay attention that organizational culture doesn’t lead to uniform employees – especially in big globalized corporations, diversity in age, gender, ethnical and demographical background is required to be successful all around the world. In the case of mergers and acquisitions, management needs to be aware that the fit of organizational culture is nowadays the main challenge for success as the merger of two different cultures often fails. 3. How do you build up an organizational culture? The foundation of an organization’s culture is always laid by the entrepreneur right in the beginning of an organization. It’s the founder’s visions and beliefs that determine the goals, the values and the behavior. And these visions can also be seen as the basic for the recruiting process in the first stages of an enterprise as only people are hired that match the founder’s ideas. These new employees are in turn influenced by the founder to â€Å"internalize their beliefs, values and assumptions†. This is how a culture is established in the first place. But the entrepreneurs and their first employees can only be seen as a first generation and it needs much more to maintain an organizational culture. The next step is the selection of new employees (they could be called second generation and so on). They must meet the company’s requirement for skills and have consistent values with the company, too. Often the latter is a main point for hiring someone or not because it is essential for a firm living on and to have employees that can perform very well. As companies get bigger – but also in smaller firms – it becomes more important that the statements and actions of every top executive is consistent with the organizational values as this group of people is considered as role models for all employees. Especially the coherent mix of recruiting new employees and the management acting in the sense of the organization’s culture is vital for the culture to be sustainable. Still, there is more than the founder and the recruitment process that is necessary to build up an organizational culture. The process of socialization, that describes how new members adapt to the existing organizational culture, is influenced by the selection process and the top management’s behavior. It can be divided into three main stages according to Robbins and Judge. Before a new employee starts to work in the company, he or she already imagines what it will be like to work there and how the organizational culture will look like. This stage can be called â€Å"prearrival†. Most of the expectations come from the organization’s actions in the past, from news about the company and from own or friends’ experience. This stage shows again the importance of the recruitment process as it can be looked at as a last opportunity to inform applicants about the culture and to see if they really fit in it. The next stage â€Å"encounter† describes the start of work for new employees. There will be a very important comparison of what the new employee expected in the prearrival stage and what reality in the organization really looks like. If these two perspectives differ too far from each other, the selection process didn’t succeed and it is vital that colleagues and team-members help the new member to acclimatize with the culture if this person is ought to stay in the company. The third and final stage of socialization – â€Å"metamorphosis† – describes the process how new employees change their behavior due to an organizational culture. If these changes are rather small or pretty radical depends on the culture’s design: all new employees will develop in the same direction and act in a predictable way if a newcomer is strongly differentiated from the other employees, the socialization process takes place in groups, the training phase and the career steps are fixed, the new employees get a mentor assigned and the organization tries to form a newcomer’s characteristics. This is mostly in organizations that have strict rules, processes and hierarchies the case. Even though it does not promote innovative practices, it raises employees’ commitment for the company. Therefore, every firm has to decide which shape its culture should assume dependent on the desired outcome. If the socialization process was successful, the newcomers have adapted to the formal and especially to the informal rules of the organization, they know their evaluation criteria and feel integrated within their team and the company. Consequently, the newcomer’s productivity and commitment increases and the turnover rate decreases. Once the culture is implemented into employees, it doesn’t mean that the management doesn’t need to keep culture alive. There are several ways to motivate and influence the workers to behave in the company’s manner. First, stories build up connections between normal employees and the company’s founders, its success or its operations in the past. Stories make it easier for people to associate themselves with the firm and help the management to justify their actions. Second, rituals emphasize a corporation’s key values, goals and employees. A ritual can be for example a song or a dance in order to motivate the employees for work. Third, an organization represents itself also by material symbols. That means that if a company attaches high importance to hierarchy and authority, the management will have big cars, big offices and a lot of privileges. If team work is in the focus, there will be more open spaces and rooms for group work. Finally, a company-own language is also a possibility to let employees identify themselves with the company. There are many terms used only in a firm-specific context and employees feel as a real part of the company when they know them all. All mentioned points emphasize how important it is for the management to build up an organizational culture that is consistent with the company’s goals and to recruit employees who really fit into that culture. There are several ways to design the culture and thereby direct the employees, but this should always happen in terms of the desired outcome and not arbitrarily. Organizational Culture Essay Example Organizational Culture Essay Organizational Culture Essay Organizational culture is a complex concept including many different meanings. In this essay, the definition of organizational culture is described as a set of shared values and norms that controls organization members interaction with each other, and with suppliers,customers and others outside the organization, given by Gareth Jones. According to Morgans theory, metaphor is a method to explain a phenomenon or create meaning by using one element of experience to understand another. Organizational culture Using this method to analyze culture can be divided into three levels according to Scheins model of organizational culture, which are artefacts, espoused values and basic underlying assumptions and values so that it is more than material and visible. Using culture metaphor could create a way to even the most rational part of organization. Organizational culture plays a key role in the design of organizational structure. According to Cartwright and Coopers four main types of organizational culture i. e. ower culture, role culture, task culture and person culture, in these different types, the structure tends to be influenced by organizational cultures and be changed as the development of organizational culture. To be more specific, in power culture, the organization is likely leaded by one person or a small group. Through managers making informal decisions, the rays of influence start from the central figures to the other employees. In the effect of working of t his type organizational culture, the structure is often small and simple not concerning much about formal structure and working processes. We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Culture specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Culture specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Culture specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer When the external changes occur, the organization can reflect fast and efficiently with small and centralized power. In contrast, if the size of the organization is larger and the structure is more complex, most employees are provided with limited freedom and of long distance from central power. As a result, power culture may fail to adjust under the organization changes and falls apart. In terms of role culture, the figures are as following: firstly, managers specialize jobs of high level and operate the organization with complete system of formalized behaviour and principle. Secondly, the hierarchy of the organization is clear and vertical communication is taken into account. Moreover, role and job description are more significant than individuals. With this type of organizational culture, the designer may choose functional and decentralized structure, for example, bureaucracy to meet the organization values. The third type of organizational culture is task culture. The core values in the culture is democratic thought and sense of efficiency. It concentrates on group participation and team work. The individual potentiality and enthusiasm are fully released. In task culture, professional knowledge and creativity ingenuity is highly respected whist power or ranking of position is less effective. With the effect of task culture, the organizational structure is often matrix structures or adhocracy. Especially, this type of organizational culture is likely to exist in the organization with the goal of development and experiment. As a result, the organization may reflect quickly facing organization change. The last type of organizational culture is person culture. With the culture, the central focus is individual and the organization itself and its structure serve the person. The purpose is to release ones potential so that the development of individual is primary instead of the group. With the influence of task culture, the organization structure is likely decentralized and informal such as in law office. These four types of organizational culture affect organization structure respectively. In addition, organization structure development and adjustment may enhance dominant culture, create sub-culture and even restrain previous culture partly. The changes of organization culture contribute to the adjustment of organization structure in turn. National differences are apparent and national culture is important to organizational culture. In this essay, the effects of national culture on organizational culture are analyzed by the five dimensions theory of Geert Hofstede, which includes power distance, uncertainty avoidance index, individualism versus collectivism, masculine versus feminality and long vs short term orientation. Power distance means the extent to which members of a nation are prepared to accept unequal distribution of power, wealth and prestige. the higher the distance is, the less equality the culture seem to be. For instance, America is a country with lower power distance, employees from America tend to not accept management privilege concept. As a result, organizational culture is more equal between employee and manager and employees are more likely to study and realize personal value. In terms of uncertainty avoidance index, it is ways in which society has developed methods to deal with uncertainty. In the high uncertainty avoidance society, employees are under sense of tense so that they desire to work hard and gain more. For example, Japan is of high uncertainty avoidance index country, total quality management success in Japanese organizations for high level of participation. The third dimension is individualism versus collectivism. It involves the degree to which individuals in a culture are expected to act independently of other members of the society. In an organization, employees with collectivism are more likely to ask for care of other members meanwhile repay organization with loyalty. Japan and China are two typical collectivism societies. In the dimension of masculinity, which refers to clear separation of gender roles, men in highly masculine cultures are expected to be more assertive and women nurturing. America is high masculinity society. Important decisions tend to be made by high position managers. Employees change jobs more frequently so that they have less sense of organization identity. The latest dimension is long term versus short term orientation It is a concept of East versus West. Employees in China have more sense of shame and persistence and the organization relationship is more ordered than Eastern culture. According to Gareth Morgans theory, power exists in various ways. To be more specific, organization can be considered as political systems. In different culture, power shows in different situations. For instance, leader in the organization has the position power, which is not the nature of personal relationship. It is defined as formal authority. Secondly, organization gain power and control using complete rules and regulations to standardize employees behaviour. Moreover, scarce resources, including promote,increased responsibilities, allocation of work, granting privilege, is another source of power. In addition, control of boundaries, control of technology, control of decision process, control of knowledge and information are all different ways of power exits in the organization. In conclusion, one of the major strengths of the culture metaphor rests in the fact that it directs attention to the symbolic significance of even the most rational pats of organizational life. According to four types of organizational culture, they affect organization structure in many ways. The structure should fit the organizational culture and improve development each other. With the examples of Japan, America and China, the effects of national culture on organizational culture are described into five dimensions. At last, according to the Morgan metaphor, power exists in different organizational culture in different ways. Bibliography L. Mullins, Management and Organizational Behavior, 9th ed. Prentice Hall G. Morgan (1986), Images of Organization, Sage Publications, Inc.

Free Essays on The Scarlet Letter

to express that names don’t really matter. However, the tragedy of Romeo and Juliet and our everyday lives show that names are the tools we use to create ideas and organize them in our world. It is human nature to attach preconceived notions to our varied experiences. Everything has to have a meaning so people can order it in their reality. Purpose and reason dictate our daily lives. With this precision, Nathaniel Hawthorne structured his novel, The Scarlet Letter. He helps us appreciate his characters’ strengths as well as their weaknesses with symbolic names. In The Scarlet Letter, Hawthorne uses evocative names to portray the characters’ inner self and what they represent in the story. The most significant name belongs to the character Pearl. Hawthorne shows that this name has two meanings, but only one is used to describe the importance of Pearl’s existence. â€Å"For so had Hester called her; not as a name expressive of her aspect, which had nothing of the calm, white, unimpassioned luster that would be indicated by the comparison. But she named the infant ‘Pearl’ as being of great price- purchased with all she had- her mother’s only treasure!†(79). Hawthorne uses Pearl’s name, in this sense, to express that Hester gave all she had for her child. Just as Pearl’s name serves as a doorway to an idea about her character, Hawthorne also displays Roger Chillingworth’s name to have a deeper importance in the story. As his name suggests, Chillingworth is a man deficient in human warmth hence the beginning â€Å"chilling† of his name. This character is shown as a very evil person throughout the novel. â€Å"In a word, old Roger Chillingworth was a striking evidence of a man’s faculty of transforming himself into a devil,†(152). Hawthorne uses Chillingworth as a symbol... Free Essays on The Scarlet Letter Free Essays on The Scarlet Letter The Scarlet Letter By: Nathaniel Hawthorne The Scarlet Letter has four main characters, Hester Prynne, the woman accused of Adultery, Roger Chillingworth, Hester’s husband from Amsterdam. They are still married and no one knows that they are. Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale, the man who Hester committed the crime with, and Pearl. The story takes place in Boston, where Hester is accused of adultery and has to wear the letter A on her chest. Hester receives her punishment on a Scaffold. The Reverend Dimmesdale asked Hester who the other person was that helped her commit the act of adultery with her. Hester doesn’t reply. As Hester is on the Scaffold, she is holding her child, Pearl. After a while they leave Hester on the Scaffold in the hot sun for more than one hour as part of her punishment. Then they took her to jail where she stayed for more than a year. While Hester and Pearl are there, Chillingworth comes into the picture and pretends that he is a doctor and goes to take care of the women and the child. There, Hester and Chillingworth talk about what happened, and asks her who is the father of this child? Hester would not tell the identity of Pearl’s father. When Hester doesn’t say, Chillingworth makes her promise that she will not tell that he is her long last husband. Hes ter says yes, ! but Chillingworth tells Hester that he will stay and he will find out the name of Pearl’s father. Then he leaves Hester and Pearl. One year later, Hester was released from jail. Hester cannot live in town because of what happened, the town people think that Hester is evil. They don’t want her there; they use Hester as an example of what happens when a person commits a sin in the Puritan life. So now Hester lives in the country where she makes cloths in order to make a living for herself. She shows off the wonderful clothing for Pearl. Pearl, at the moment, is the only friend Hester has. Later in the story, Hester... Free Essays on The Scarlet Letter The Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne The Scarlet Letter is a story that shows a love that cannot be. â€Å"Mother,† said little Pearl, â€Å"the sunshine does not love you. It runs away and hides itself, because it is afraid of something on your bosom. It will not flee from me, for I wear nothing on my bosom yet!† This quotation is how I see the love that cannot be. The sunshine is the love of a man (Arthur Dimmesdale) and it does just what Pearl says - it runs and hides itself from the scarlet letter. This love must be hidden because of practical reasons; such as Roger Chillingworth who is her husband is still alive. He knows about his wife and Arthur and he is plotting revenge on Arthur. With Roger in Boston he would get in the way of them having an open relationship and he would destroy their true love. Arthur and Hester’s love cannot exist because of personal reasons as well. Hester wears the scarlet letter, so Arthur can’t be with her or it might destroy his reputation. Also, if he were to be with her, the people of his church could not look up to him for their spiritual guidance. The final reason to keep these lovers apart is societal. The Puritan belief in New England during the middle of the seventeenth century would not have tolerated any type of union between Arthur and Hester. The strict codes of conduct would destroy any way for them to be alone. Their only opportunities to be alone are chance encounters in the forest, but then it would seem as if they were going to see the black, mysterious man that represents evil in this book. Because of all these reasons, The Scarlet Letter is a story about a love that could not be. In a more perfect world, Arthur, Hester, and Little Pearl would have left Boston and made a new life for themselves in England. Painfully, this does not happen. However, Arthur does at least proclaim his love for Hester along with claiming Pearl as his child, allowing him to shed his bur... Free Essays on The Scarlet Letter All of Hawthorne’s work is one form or another of â€Å"handling sin†. All of his stories are those of persons whom some crime, or misunderstood virtue, or misfortune, has set by themselves, or in a worse companionship of solitude (Symons 1597). The Scarlet letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne explores sin and its consequences. The focus of attention is Hester Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdale, and Roger Chillingworth. Each of these characters sin in a unique way. Hester sins by committing adultery. Dimmesdale sins by breaking his vow of chastity, and then hiding his deed. Chillingworth sins by acting upon his desire for revenge, and by torturing Dimmesdale. Hester and Dimmesdale suffer from shame and guilt throughout the novel. It was a sin for which Hester Prynne was damned by society, and for which Arthur Dimmesdale damned himself (Loring 1). Hester is made to publicly acknowledge her sin. A scarlet letter â€Å"A† is permanently placed on her dress to symbolize her adultery, and she is made to stand on the scaffold with her baby for several hours of public humiliation. This is her punishment, the heaviest that man can afflict upon her. Hester is to stand as a warning to others tempted as she was (Hawthorne 13). Hester becomes a social outcast and lives on the outskirts of town. Pearly, her lively and uncontrollable daughter is the daily living proof of her sin. Man had marked this woman’s sin by a scarlet letter, which had such potent and disastrous efficacy that no human sympathy could reach her, save it were sinful like herself. God as a direct consequence of the sin which man had thus punished, had given her a lovely child, whose place was on that same dishonored bosom, to connect her parent forever with the race and descent of mortals, and to be finally a blessed soul in heaven.(Hawthorne 14). Hester is a woman full of motherly love that she showers on Pearl. Hester dresses her daughter with pride and holds her head u... Free Essays on The Scarlet Letter â€Å"What’s in a name? That which we call a rose by any other word would smell as sweet.† Shakespeare penned these immortal words to express that names don’t really matter. However, the tragedy of Romeo and Juliet and our everyday lives show that names are the tools we use to create ideas and organize them in our world. It is human nature to attach preconceived notions to our varied experiences. Everything has to have a meaning so people can order it in their reality. Purpose and reason dictate our daily lives. With this precision, Nathaniel Hawthorne structured his novel, The Scarlet Letter. He helps us appreciate his characters’ strengths as well as their weaknesses with symbolic names. In The Scarlet Letter, Hawthorne uses evocative names to portray the characters’ inner self and what they represent in the story. The most significant name belongs to the character Pearl. Hawthorne shows that this name has two meanings, but only one is used to describe the importance of Pearl’s existence. â€Å"For so had Hester called her; not as a name expressive of her aspect, which had nothing of the calm, white, unimpassioned luster that would be indicated by the comparison. But she named the infant ‘Pearl’ as being of great price- purchased with all she had- her mother’s only treasure!†(79). Hawthorne uses Pearl’s name, in this sense, to express that Hester gave all she had for her child. Just as Pearl’s name serves as a doorway to an idea about her character, Hawthorne also displays Roger Chillingworth’s name to have a deeper importance in the story. As his name suggests, Chillingworth is a man deficient in human warmth hence the beginning â€Å"chilling† of his name. This character is shown as a very evil person throughout the novel. â€Å"In a word, old Roger Chillingworth was a striking evidence of a man’s faculty of transforming himself into a devil,†(152). Hawthorne uses Chillingworth as a symbol... Free Essays on The Scarlet Letter The Scarlet Letter Part two: Formal Literary Response 1.a. Identify and describe both the time and place of The Scarlet Letter. The time and place of The Scarlet Letter is in, â€Å"†¦the good town of Boston,† Massachusetts, in the year 1850 (105). In the 1850’s people think differently of different things such as crime and life, a simpler time with simple thoughts and people. 1.b. Discuss how the setting contributes to the believability of the novel. In The Scarlet Letter, the setting of Boston is surrounded by a, â€Å"†¦ vast and dismal forest† (68). The story could of taken place in a different place that has bodies of water, a forest, and a town, that is near a peninsula, because the setting doesn’t play a major role in the story except when Hester and Pearl go into the forest, where Hester has a life-turning talk with Mr. Dimmesdale. The forest is like a dark and mysterious place where a dark creature, the â€Å"Black Man,† lives. The time, however, cannot be changed because the story deals with the beliefs of people from the 1850’s. For example people who committed adultery were killed for sinning, even the sinner’s children were killed, but now adultery isn’t punished by death, it usually results in divorce and childcare. 2.a What is Arthur’s objective? How does he go about achieving his objective? What obstacles get in his way? How does he overcome them? In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter Arthur Dimmesdale, and old minister, deals with the pain caused by his sin and dies in the end. Throughout the story Dimmesdale wants to get reed of the pain and misery caused by his sin. He gets reed of the pain by telling everyone about how he sinned with Hester, which takes away the burden on his heart. One major obstacle that gets in Dimmesdale’s way is Roger Chillingworth. Chillinworth tell Dimmesdale that he can help him, but Chillingworth makes the pain last longer. He overcomes his obstacles with... Free Essays on The Scarlet Letter The scarlet letter, a book about a lady named Hester Prynne who lived in the New World, in Puritan Boston. She committed adultery, and gave birth to a child, which was named Pearl. Pearl’s father were not revealed to the public at the time when she was released from prison because Hester decided not to do so, she did not want her child to have an Earthly father but instead she wanted Pearl to have an heavenly father. Hester wanted pearl to be brought up in the normal way of the time of Puritanism. At this time they used strictness and used the rod frequently, but even though Hester at first tried to do her best at this. She quickly realised that Pearl was not going to adapt to her methods so she could not set any restrictions for her. Instead Pearl developed to be a wild child, to her mother and the rest of the Puritan community she seemed to be a little elf and they sometimes doubted that she was human, â€Å" Hester was constrained to rush towards the child,- to pursue the little! elf in the flight which she invariably began,- to snatch her to her bosom, with a close pressure and earnest kisses,†¦, as to assure herself that Pearl was of flesh and blood†¦Ã¢â‚¬  In the beginning Pearl does not show any sincere feelings towards her mother as she changes her mood so often, she seems to be very emotionless and does not show any sorrow, but that is a part of her wild nature. Her way of behaving were seen as an outcome of the adultery that Hester had committed, and now she had to live with a child that did not show any love and was a savage. But Pearl is not completely emotionless she did show emotion when she were walking with her mother on the peninsula, and she were sent to the beach while Hester spoke with the old physician, she stopped throwing pebbles at the seabirds, as she felt sorry: â€Å" But then the elf-child sighed, and gave up her sport; because it grieved her to have done harm to a little being that was as wild as the sea-b... Free Essays on The Scarlet Letter The Scarlet Letter Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter is a story about Hester Prynne, a woman who commits a sin. She is crammed with many feelings surrounding that sin such as pride. Her sin is a one of passion. Hester Prynne’s sin is adultery. She commits adultery with the Reverend Dimmesdale. This sin is regarded very seriously by the Puritans and is often punishable by death. The Reverend Dimmesdale is another character that demonstrates the effects of sin. He commits the same offense that Hester commits, adultery. The difference between Dimmesdale and Hester is that Dimmesdale was not publicly punished for his crime. This makes him feel extremely guilty. This feeling of guilt was so atrocious that it mentally and physically withers him, as he feels a very strong need to repent and cleanse his soul. Dimmesdale’s sin is unnoticed. Hester is unable to hide her wrongdoing. Their act of adultery resulted in a child. Her punishment for her crime is to spend a few hours on the scaffold to face public humiliation and wear the letter â€Å"A† on her clothes for the rest of her life. The consequences, which Hester faces, are the result of her admission of guilt. This proved to be much less harsh then the internal punishment that Dimmesdale faced. Dimmesdale’s method of repentance is much worse than Hester’s both emotionally and physically. Dimmesdale whips and beats himself as a form of repentance. Also, he stays up way into the night standing on the scaffold as he struggles to gain the nerve to admit his sin. It also hurts Dimmesdale when the townspeople speak of how righteous and holy he is. All of the internal suffering that he endures proves to be much worse then Hester’s public punishment. Roger Chillingworth is Hester’s husband. He commits a sin against her. He knew that she did not love him but yet still makes her marry him. He also sent her to America while he studies in Amsterd... Free Essays on The Scarlet Letter Hester’s Morality Morality is a term that encompasses many different meanings. Some believe that being dutiful is moral, while others think that being honest is moral. According to Webster’s New World Dictionary, Third College Edition, the definition of moral is â€Å"principles, standards, or habits with respect to right or wrong in conduct,† (â€Å"moral†). Nathaniel Hawthorne utilizes characterization techniques of morality throughout the novel The Scarlet Letter. The qualities that Hester Prynne possesses shape her as a character. Hawthorne represents Hester Prynne as having moral flaws, but in the end she is a good person. (Bloom 22). As Orson Scott Card remarks in Characters and Viewpoints, â€Å"The character story emerges when some part of a character’s role in life becomes unbearable.† (53). This is apparent in The Scarlet Letter because Hester’s life becomes unbearable through her trials as a sinner in the Puritan society. Although the Puritan socie ty believes that Hester Prynne is immoral, the actions that she takes shows that she is actually very moral. Hester shows care towards Pearl, her daughter, which is a clear indication of the kindness in Hester’s heart. â€Å"When the young woman- the mother of this child- stood fully revealed before the crowd, it seemed to be her first impulse to clasp the infant closely to her bosom;† (Hawthorne 50). This is an act of motherly affection, showing that Hester loves her daughter. By abandoning Pearl, Hester’s life would definitely be easier; however, she does not abandon Pearl, because Hester believes that it is morally wrong. Hester’s decision regarding Pearl reveals her high moral principles as a Puritan. By upholding her morals, she keeps her daughter and moves to an isolated cottage away from society. After Hester moves away from the village, the Puritans give her the job of making fine clothing for the upper class. With any extra material that Hester has, she makes ... Free Essays on The Scarlet Letter It has once been said that â€Å"A truly memorable work will illuminate one of the great quests: for love, for truth, for honor, or for justice.† One work of literature that I feel truly does illuminate several of these great quests is The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne. This work is based in a small, Puritan community where a woman named Hester Prynne dwells. This woman has committed the sin of adultery and is forced to wear a scarlet A upon her bosom to constantly remind her and the rest of the community of her terrible sin. The fruit of this sin however was her little daughter Pearl; a strange, but gentle child. People in the community though, looked at her as an evil, elf-child, born from sin. In the meantime there was a priest named Arthur Dimmesdale who was secretly living in shame; for he was the father to little Pearl. His fatherhood was kept a secret for fear of jeopardizing his priesthood, so Hester took all the blame from the public. Although Hester had to face public humiliation, Mr. Dimmesdale suffered with the symbol of shame burned into his chest never to be revealed, and eating at his conscience. Little to the old priests knowledge, Roger Chillingworth, the doctor who was living at the church with him, turned out to be Hesterâ€⠄¢s ex husband who knew of his sin. The old doctor who had become one of Dimmesdale’s closest and most trusted friends was actually hurting him all along. One day Hester and Dimmesdale met in the woods and decided to run away and start a new life somewhere far away, but not until after his Electorial Sermon. The day came and he gave an incredible sermon which made everyone look at him like a saint, until he made the decision to expose his sin to the community. He called Hester and Pearl upon the platform where he delivered a delivered a dramatic final speech about the pain he went through and how the lord is very forgiving . He then stumbled upon the floor and died in Hester’s arms... Free Essays on The Scarlet Letter Scarlett Letter In the Scarlet Letter, the author uses many different types of symbols to show what he has experienced as a young man, and what he has to say about the society during his time. The different settings of the story are ways in which he describes his environment and how it has treated him as a child. One symbol he uses a lot was the scarlet letter. The scarlet letter takes on different meanings as the course of the story progresses. It also takes on various appearances and symbolism.The letter changes from meaning 3adultery2 into meaning 3able.2 Not only does the letter symbolize Hester1s punishment, but it also serves as different personal meanings to the various characters in the story such as Chillingworth, Dimmesdale, and Pearl to name a few. In the Scarlet Letter, there are many different forms of the letter A , not only that, but the letter A also acquires a variety of meanings. Hawthorne describes the prison as 3the black flower of civilized society2 (p.48) Here he uses the build ings to describe the crime and punishment of his early life. And by using the symbol of a tombstone at the end of the story, he1s probably trying to say that crime and cruel punishment could lead to your death. He also uses the grass plot, saying that it is 3much overgrown with burdock,....and such unsightly vegetation2 (p.48) which symbolizes the things that make people corrupt and why these lead to them being in prison. He also uses the wild rosebush to symbolize 3....sweet moral blossom, that may be found along the track, or relieve the darkening close of a tale of human frailty and sorrow.2 (p.48). The author also gives somewhat of a dim, chill, social, unkind atmosphere to Puritanism. In Chapter 2 he describes by saying 3like a black shadow...grim and grisly...with a sword by his side, and his staff of office in his hand.2 (p.52).The letter A appears in a variety of forms and appearances. It is the elaborately gold-embroidered A on He... Free Essays on The Scarlet Letter The Scarlet letter starts off by telling of the surroundings and bad conditions of the prison. The only decent image of the prison was a rosebush. Hester Prynne was in prison for committing adultery and was to wear the letter â€Å"A† on her dress because of her sin. She was brought in front of the crowd for three hours, so that she could be disgraced for her crime. She began to have flashes of her childhood. She was too proud and beautiful to feel disgrace. Hester was married to a scholar. She came from Europe to Boston about two years ago and her husband was supposed to follow. Instead the Indians held him captive. Part of Hester’s punishment was to confess her partner in sin, but she refuses to. Hester’s husband Chillingworth was also in the crowd. Hester was with her baby who was born in sin. She was sent back to the prison and her nervousness and anxiety attacks were obvious. Her husband was finally brought in as a physician to treat her. It was obvious that their marriage relationship was unemotional and had no sign of love. Her husband wanted her to say who the father of her child was but she refused to tell. He promised he would find him and hurt him if she doesn’t say. Chillingworth made her promise not to tell of their relationship or else he would harm Pearl’s father. They both confessed they had wronged each other. The worst was his age and his derformity and marrying someone much younger. Hester was released from prison . She had a choice to stay where she pleases, but chose to stay around Boston. She lived in seclusion , almost never visiting the outside world. Hester had to wear the scarlet letter for the rest or her life, so she lived in shame and in her mind she remained in prison. She had little work sewing for people. Hester’s daughter Pearl, was very difficult to handle. She never obeyed the rules, and she lived without friends. She was interested in finding out who her ...

Potassium Periodic Table of the Elements Facts

Potassium Periodic Table of the Elements Facts Potassium Atomic Number: 19 Potassium Symbol: K on the Periodic Table Potassium Atomic Weight: 39.0983 Discovery: Sir Humphrey Davy 1807 (England) Electron Configuration: [Ar]4s1 Potassium Word Origin: English potash pot ashes; Latin kalium, Arabic qali: alkali. Isotopes: There are 17 isotopes of potassium. Natural potassium is composed of three isotopes, including potassium-40 (0.0118%), a radioactive isotope with a half life of 1.28 x 109 years. Potassium Properties: Potassiums melting point is 63.25Â °C, boiling point is 760Â °C, specific gravity is 0.862 (20Â °C), with a valence of 1. Potassium is one of the most reactive and electropositive of metals. The only metal that is lighter than potassium is lithium. The silvery white metal is soft (easily cut with a knife). The metal must be stored in a mineral oil, such as kerosene, as it oxidizes rapidly in air and catches fire spontaneously when exposed to water. Its decomposition in water evolves hydrogen. Potassium and its salts will color flames violet. Uses: Potash is in high demand as a fertilizer. Potassium, found in most soils, is an element that is essential for plant growth. An alloy of potassium and sodium is used as a heat transfer medium. Potassium salts have many commercial uses. Sources: Potassium is the 7th most abundant element on earth, making up 2.4% of the earths crust, by weight. Potassium is not found free in nature. Potassium was the first metal isolated by electrolysis (Davy, 1807, from caustic potash KOH). Thermal methods (reduction of potassium compounds with C, Si, Na, CaC2) are also used to produce potassium. Sylvite, langbeinite, carnallite, and polyhalite form extensive deposits in ancient lake and sea beds, from which potassium salts can be obtained. In addition to other locations, potash is mined in Germany, Utah, California, and New Mexico. Element Classification: Alkali Metal Potassium Physical Data Density (g/cc): 0.856 Appearance: soft, waxy, silvery-white metal Atomic Radius (pm): 235 Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 45.3 Covalent Radius (pm): 203 Ionic Radius: 133 (1e) Specific Heat (20Â °C J/g mol): 0.753 Fusion Heat (kJ/mol): 102.5 Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 2.33 Debye Temperature (Â °K): 100.00 Pauling Negativity Number: 0.82 First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 418.5 Oxidation States: 1 Lattice Structure: Body-Centered Cubic Lattice Constant (Ã…): 5.230 CAS Registry Number: 7440-09-7 References Los Alamos National Laboratory (2001) Crescent Chemical Company (2001) Langes Handbook of Chemistry (1952)

Occupational Performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Occupational Performance - Essay Example It also tries to explain why the impairment could cause difficulties and the consequences for the individuals of these difficulties and finds ways in which these difficulties might be reduced or overcome. Occupational performance can be defined as the ability of a person to perform tasks for the purpose of carrying out her/his occupational roles in a satisfying manner. The importance of analyzing functional performance is of crucial importance to occupational therapy. The assessment of an individual's / group or populations' level of functioning is very important in planning an occupational therapy for an individual. Occupational therapists take into account the many types of occupations humans might engage, sort them into categories called 'areas of occupation' Let's look at the various performance roles first: Occupational performance roles are patterns of behavior in different kinds of occupation in ones daily life i.e. self-maintenance, productivity, leisure and rest. The roles are determined by individual's physical, mental and spiritual conditions and her/his relationship with external environment. Biomechanical components refer to the operation and interaction of and between physical structures of the body during task performance. This can include range of motion, muscle strength, grasp, muscular and cardiovascular endurance, circulation, elimination of body waste. From the perspective of the task or sub-task, this component refers to the biomechanical attributes of the task; for example, size, weight, dimension and location of objects. Sensory-Motor Performance Component refers to the operation and interaction of and between sensory input and motor responses of the body during task performance. Cognitive Performance Component: refers to the operation and interaction of and between mental processes used during task performance. Intrapersonal Performance Component: refers to the operation and interaction of and between internal psychological processes used during task performance. Interpersonal Performance Component refers to the continuing and changing interaction between a person and others during task performance that contributes to the development of the individual as a participant in society. Elements of Occupational Performance are the body, mind and spirit. The Occupational Performance Model (Australia) acknowledges that together these core elements of human existence form the human body, the human brain, the human mind, the human consciousness of self and the human awareness of the universe (Popper, 1981) Body Element: The tangible physical components of human structure consists the body element. Mind Element: the basic intellectual component of an individual is called the Mind element Spirit Element: is defined loosely as that aspect of humans which seeks a sense of harmony within self and between self, nature, others and in some cases an ultimate other; seeks an existing mystery to life; inner conviction; hope and meaning.As stated earlier the areas on which occupational performances are observed are Self-maintenance, productivity, leisure and rest. Self-Maintenance Occupations are regular tasks and sub-tasks done by an

Analysis of Life story by David Shields Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analysis of Life story by David Shields - Essay Example I particularly enjoyed Shield’s atypical and fresh way of structuring this essay. The sentences are put together coherently to deliver the message on different aspects of life. However, the different sentences sued in the construction of a paragraph are independently able to deliver a message and make sense on their own. For instance, when he says â€Å"This vehicle not purchased with drug money. Hugs are better than drugs.† The two sentences are independent of each other in terms of examining, but they are coherently linked to make a sensible paragraph which is nice to read especially because it has a prose flow. Shield’s uses powerful phrases and sentences which sound like bumper stickers. When the author says, â€Å"Heaven doesn’t want me and Hell’s afraid I’ll take over†, this quote signifies a strong deeper meaning. In my opinion, the author is trying to tell us that neither heaven nor hell can take human’s life. The author wants to tell the readers that he is a bad guy especially due to the tone of his voice throughout the essay. I feel that deeply, the author wants us to be strong in life and live without fear of death. To him, Heaven and Hell are human’s imagination and, therefore, we should not worry about dying if we live on earth happily. In life, we can find the real things if we work hard and most importantly, work hard.  If we think deeply, we own our lives. Personally, I have seen bad guys live more than 80 years, and also good guys can live 80 years.