Best Part-Time Jobs for Moms in 2018

Best Part-Time Jobs for Moms in 2018 In the event that you’re a parent, you definitely know you’ve got probably the best occupation around, with profoundly requesting (yet charming) supervisors. In any case, if you’re additionally in the market for a paying gig that offsets with your mother life, there are bunches of extraordinary alternatives out there for you that don’t include a work space and a 9-to-5 weekday crush. Adaptable and low maintenance employments are extraordinary in light of the fact that they give you more control over your own calendar, and can truly help offset your home needs with your expert ones. We’ve aggregated a huge amount of assets for you to investigate as you start down the way of getting low maintenance line of work that allows you to work and acquire cash while as yet leaving opportunity to focus quite a bit of your week on parenting.First, Prepare YourselfOnce you’ve focused in on the job(s) you need, ensure you have your employment form bundle al l together. You’re prepared to venture out into the low maintenance working world-ensure your tool kit is stacked with all you have to overcome the employment form process.6 Part-Time Job Interview Strategies You Must KnowThe Ultimate 6 Step Guide to Resume WritingThen, once you’re all set to apply and get that low maintenance gig, it’s time to begin investigating your options.Jobs Where You Might Not Have to Leave the HouseAs you search as far as concerns you time gig, it’s likewise critical to consider how you need to be functioning. It is safe to say that you are ready to go through certain hours from home? Okay like to work at home? On the off chance that you in a perfect world need to focus on a gig you can do from a home office (or a home PC on your bed!), there’ are a ton of chances out there-you simply must be brilliant about knowing what’s out there.The uplifting news here is that with such a significant number of working from home apparatuses on the web, numerous occupations should be possible from for all intents and purposes anyplace particularly advanced centered jobs. It is completely conceivable to sneak in a couple of long periods of work during naptimes or drop-off playdates.Here is some motivation to get you started.Top 10 Work From Home JobsWhat Are Some Part Time Jobs You Can Do From Home?10 Jobs Where You Can Telecommute and Make a Great SalaryHow to Get a Career Doing Data EntryJump Start Your Career as an Administrative FreelancerWhat Are Some Part-Time Jobs You Can Do From Home?Jobs Where You Can Earn a Lot by the HourParenting is a tedious and troublesome activity. On the off chance that you’re looking toâ supplement your mother gig with another paid activity, you in a perfect world need to capitalize on your valuable time-and that implies getting a new line of work where you’re paid well for your work. Investigate the accompanying, which extend to choices for employment opport unities that are both part-timeâ and accompany a high rate. The best of the two universes is unquestionably conceivable you simply need to know where to look!9 Part-Time Jobs That Pay Very Well10 Highest Paying Part-Time Jobs21 Part-Time Jobs That Pay More Than $20 Per HourShow Me The Money: 8 Good-Paying Part-Time JobsJobs That Let You Enjoy Your Non-Work LifeParenting is beautiful and astounding, however we know it’s hard enough for what it's worth (and it’s effectively an all-expending full-time gig). Including an outside activity top of that has the chance of causing you to feel overpowered and unfit to concentrate on your family, your interests, your unwinding, and yourself. Look at certain occupations that offer the guarantee of a decent parity of work, family, and life outside of your numerous obligations.Top 5 Jobs for Work-Life Balance11 Flexible Jobs for Working ParentsTop 12 High Paying Part-Time Jobs With Good Work-Life BalanceAnd on getting low maintenanc e line of work that allows for you to make an incredible most, you likewise should be watching out for one that accompanies advantages. You don’t need to make some full-memories, salaried gig so as to appreciate the advantages of the working scene. Look at a portion of the accompanying organizations, who are known to compensate all workers handsomely.10 Companies With Amazing Benefits for Part-Time EmployeesJobs That Use Your Parenting SkillsAnd don’t be reluctant to break new ground a bit. For instance, nannying/childcare may appear as though excessively much child rearing, however it would permit you to invest energy with your own youngsters while likewise winning cash. All things considered, as a parent, you likely as of now have the child fighting aptitudes that would make you a great guardian for other kids as well.How to Become a NannyHow to Write a Perfect Caregiver ResumeJobs Where You Work For YourselfIt may likewise be an ideal opportunity to consider whether you need to go into business, as a side hustle to your essential needs. Discussion about chipping away at your own terms-these employments let you structure your own calendar and hours. They likely require much more vitality forthright and all the responsibility falls on you, yet you are the manager here and you call the shots.Side Hustle: How to Make Money on the Side7 Strategies for Your Side HustleThe Job of Your DreamsFinally, if you’re attempting to live the fantasy (and have a vocation that won't just be the jealousy of your friends, yet in addition your children), there truly are employments that permit you to watch Netflix professionally. Seriously.These Netflix Jobs Will Pay You to Watch MoviesGood karma!

Femoral Vein to the Lower Lobe of the Right Lung Via of the Right Pulmonary Artery

Hi everybody and welcome on board: Today we will set out together in my smaller than expected sub and we are going to go through this superb body of this youngster named Brittany. In this excursion we will enter her body through the femoral vein and travel right to her lung. Alert! Alert! An alarm just came and we are in for a wild astonishment. A microscopic organisms has attacked Brittany’s lower projection of her correct lung and we have to report the intrusion and archive all we see concerning what we see also.The femoral vein runs corresponding with the femoral course through the upper thigh and pelvic district of the body (Yahoo Health,2013) Being one of the bigger veins in the body, the femoral vein returns blood into the leg to the heart through the iliac vein. Before we get to the iliac vein, we are going to go through the inguinal tendon that frames a band going from foremost better iliac spine than the pubis ligament.The job of the inguinal tendon is to ensure the t issue development between the storage compartment and the lower extremities,(Yahoo Health, 2013). From the inguinal tendon, going north, we are going to see the outside iliac vein which is a continuation of the femoral vein simply over the inguinal tendon. Beginning at the crotch zone the outer iliac vein comes the pelvic region. At the point when it meets with the interior iliac vein, we will explore east into the basic iliac vein that capacities to deplete the perineal regions.The iliac veins are combined to frame second rate vena cava, additionally know as back vena cava, is a vein that conveys a ton of deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the heart,(Yahoo Health, 2013). It runs behind the stomach depression and close by the righ vertebrae segment of the spine and it conveys a great deal of the blood from the lower bosy to the heart and lungs,(Yahoo Health, 2013). From here we would already be able to see the heart. Isn’t it factastic? ? ?

Charlie Jane Anders On The City in the Middle of the Night

Charlie Jane Anders On The City in the Middle of the Night Charlie Jane Andersâ€"Nebula Award-winner and Hugo Award-winner, among other recognitions, and founding editor-in-chief of io9â€"released her second novel this month. Following a trail of over 100 short stories and a multitude of essays in a multitude of top tier publications including Asimov’s Science Fiction, Mother Jones, Tor.com, Wired Magazine, and ZYZZYVA, not to mention a highly acclaimed and bestselling debut novel All the Birds in the Sky. The City in the Middle of the Night takes a turn from Anders’ debut to deliver a heavy and elaborate tale of the tidally locked planet of January, where day and night are not times but places. The story revolves around four women whose lives entangle in complicated ways. The City in the Middle of the Night is based on the premise of a tidally locked planet. What should readers know about tidally locked planets as foundational knowledge? Im super obsessed with tidally locked planets. I got obsessed with them several years ago when I was working on io9, because we did a lot of science coverage on that site. Theyre really common in our galaxy, people have said maybe three quarters of the stars in our galaxy, at least, are probably red dwarfs, and any planet close enough to that star to be warm enough for humans to live on is going to be tidally locked. So theres a really high likelihood that we might end upâ€"if we do ever manage to get out of our solar system and colonize another planet, which is a huge if, to be honestâ€"theres a huge likelihood that it will be tidally locked. But a tidally locked planet is one whereâ€"its the same as the way our moon is with usâ€"one side always faces the sun. It’s orbiting around the sun, but as it orbits it rotates at the same period. One side is always facing the sun, so theres a day side and a night side, and the night side never gets any light, and the day side is constantly bathed in light. As an author, I became obsessed with this idea of permanent darkness and permanent light, and what it would be like to have the day and the night be places instead of times. Im obsessed with the idea of people living between two extremes. Part of what I was trying to imagine was, what it would be like to live in a place like that, where right over there is this never-ending darkness that goes on for forever, basically, and the idea that you just live with that nearby all the time, and you dont ever see the sky change. I tried to imagine that, and what I ended up with after two years of just writing random stuff, was a really extreme environment, and people who are really extreme in response to that environment. And that was where the story came from. Part of it was just trying to imagine what it would do to you, to live with that. Another theme that runs throughout the novel is language, and in particular, its limitations. It starts with a translator’s note talking about how they tried to fit the story into the English language. My editor Miriam Weinberg came up with the term “Peak English,” because I had “modern English,” because I feel like thats like English as spoken now, or like late 20th century maybe. But she was like, “How about ‘Peak English’?” Because that implies that there was a point at which English reached the zenith of its importance, and I like the idea that at some point even beyond the timeline of this book, theres humansâ€"humans and human-adjacent peopleâ€"living on places like space stations and planets all over the place, and everybody speaks different languages, but we can all read English because theres so much stuff written in English that survived. So its like Latin in the Middle Ages where no oneâ€"well, some people could speak Latinâ€"but a lot of people could read Latin. Or classical Chinese in some parts of Asia. The Translator’s Note is partly a way of getting around having weird names for things that would be unusual, because I thought if you actually were reading the transliterated names, the creatures and the technologies and devices and everything, it would be distracting versus just being like, “its a cat, its a bison, its a leopard, its a crocodile.” It was such a fun recurring thing in the novel, because you start thinking “crocodile” and then it comes out with its tentacles, and you’re reminded, wow, this is not a crocodile. This is something really fascinating and beautiful, and super dangerous and it is totally not a crocodile. But it does reinforce, over and over again, this limitation of language, and of experience. And I love that de-familiarization and I love the opposite of the way that. Vonnegut, for example, will be like, “the United States was a country that used to exist in the global bond”â€"he’ll explain the United States of America to you in a couple of sentences as if you’ve never heard of it. And its sort of the opposite of that because its saying this is familiar, but it isnt. Sophie, in particular, struggles throughout a lot of the book with talking. She doesnt want to spend a lot of time talking. But language is so limited to her that she doesnt even see much point in it a lot of the time. I had gotten bored always writing protagonists who are outspoken, and rush into every situation and start talkingâ€"the thing that every action movie or every inspiring hero’s tale where the hero at some point stands up and gives a speech, and everyone is is just like, “yay!” I wanted to try to write a protagonist who wasnt like that, who was shy, who was withdrawn, who didnt talk to people and never really felt comfortable with themâ€"but was still super heroic and still takes charge in her own way, and her choices still drive the story completely. And that was something I was super passionate about trying to do because I thought, Ive seen that other protagonist the kind of like, give a rousing speech protagonist, and Ive written that protagonist a lot. And so I was like, you know, its interesting to try something different. In general with this book, I was trying a lot of ways to do stuff that I hadnt done before, because I want to keep it fresh for myself and hopefully for my readers. Theres so much incredibly rich history behind the different cultures. And along with that, theres a tie specifically to what we remember and what we forget, or choose to forget. I hate it when you have a future setting where humans are on a different planet, or in a different place, and its a blank slateâ€"like, oh yeah, you know there is all this stuff back on Earth, but weve left it behind. Theres only cheesy references back to like 20th century stuff or whatever, like they still have Mickey Mouse icons everywhere or something. I wanted people to have a sense of history, but not have it be like the history we know now, to have to it be history that hasnt happened yet. And I wanted to think about what people brought with them to this other planet. I wanted there to be a believable sense of cultural background, and not just have people who are all the same except for maybe their skin color is mentioned in passing or whatever. A lot of it does come down to the weight of history, and how history never really goes away. And so I spent way too much time coming up with this huge history. What about the ankur-banter, or jinx, conceptâ€"where did this concept come from? It just came out organically. As I was writing, I was like sliding in all these  references to different cultural concepts in Argelo that people from Xiosphant would find confusingâ€"and theres always gonna be some of those; whenever you go to another culture theres going to be concepts that are really culturally specific, like schadenfreude, or whatever. I liked playing with that mystery, and then I suddenly came up with this idea of what it could actually mean and how it could shift this relationship between Sophie and Mouth in a different direction, and suddenly put them in this different relationship to each other and make them kind of bound together in a different way, which I thought was really fun. I have so many influences that Im wearing on my sleeve in this book; Im just coming out and admitting that Im influenced by these people and Im stealing from them as much as I can. Vonnegut has this whole thing in, I think it was Cats Cradle, I cant remember, where theres like this weird philosophy of bokononism and one of these things is, people who are entangled who never meet, or something. But I read it like when I was super young, and thats stayed with me. So I think I was cribbing from Vonnegut a tiny bit, but also this idea that you have somebody who is bad luck for you, unless you make peace with them, or that you have to figure out how to live with them, and I thought that was really fun. You have published over a hundred short stories in your writing career, and the first was published in 1999â€"so it’s been a 20-year span. Thats a little scary to contemplate. But no, Ive been writing fiction for a very long time. Six Months, Three Days appeared in 2011 or something, so it took probably about a dozen years for me to really start getting on the map as a fiction writer. And it was really funny, after Six Months, Three Days came out and started getting nominated for awards, people would come up to me like, “I didnt know you wrote fiction” and Id be like, “Ive been trying really hard.” And it was sad but it was also really gratifying that people were finally aware that I wrote fiction. When it comes to art, I always think you are what you eat. So do you read a lot of short stories? What would you recommend to readers who wanted to read more short stories (besides your own work, of course)? I haven’t read a lot of short stories lately, and I really want to change that. These days, I get up, I eat my breakfast and I read the news, and basically get sucked into a despair spiral for an hour or so, reading about whats going on. I love short stories, and I feel like theyre often where a lot of the most interesting stuff is happening. Its really true that there is where the most experimental stuff is often done because theres less risk, and if you read a short story you didnt like, its not as upsetting or annoying as if you actually went out and bought a book and didnt like it. And right now I feelâ€"I don’t know if it’s the golden age, but its definitely an amazing time to read these short stories, because theres so many online publications. Even just 10 years agoâ€"there were a bunch 10 years agoâ€"but now I feel like its really proliferated, and theres so many great places like Tor.com or Uncanny Magazine, Lightspeed, Clarkesworld, Strange Horizons, and a bunch of literary publications online as well. And not only that, but theres a lot of great anthologies. I feel like its a really good time for anthologies, like John Joseph Adams is releasing a bunch lately. I have a story in a new one called A Peoples Future of the United States, and I really want to read the rest of that book because I hear that the other stories in that book are incredible, and its got a lot of my favorite authors in one book. Theres a lot of really great anthologies dealing with political themes and what future we can have, and resistance and war and fighting back, and Peoples Future is a really good one. Ive seen mentions of a young adult trilogy that youre working on. What can you tell us about it? Im super excited about it. Its very fun and silly and goofy. Theres lots of humor. Its more cute, and its about people coming together and creating an unconventional family, and being there for each other. Its much lighter and happier than The City of the Middle of the Nightâ€"which, actually, I was working on them together, simultaneously for a while. It was nice to go back and forth, but Im really happy to be doing something like that now, because I really feel like a lot of us need that escapism and fun. It’s kind of a space opera. Its got a little bit of a Guardians of the Galaxy, Star Trek, Star Wars feeling. Its about a teenage girl who finds out that she is connected to this galactic war thats been going on, and this fight for justice, and so she goes into space with this group of other teenagers from Earth, from all over the planet, to help fight for justice. I came up with super, ridiculous complicated universe building for it. Theres a dozen different alien species that I have come up with, a whole bunch of really awesome, fun stuff. One of the main characters is a transgender girl from Brazil, and so Ive been Skyping a lot with a trans woman in Brazil, and shes my sensitivity reader, or one of them. It’s been really really neat. Im super excited. I have a feeling itll be out sometime in 2020. Sign up to Swords Spaceships to  receive news and recommendations from the world of science fiction and fantasy.

Case Study Managing Customer Relationships - 1266 Words

Assignment 1 Managing Customer Relationships MRKT 395 6380 Professor Leland Gardner Cynthia Johnson – Fall 2017 September 2, 2017 CRM and Customer Focus When we think about customer relationships, we have a tendency to think more on the lines of building a rapport with the customers for profit, but our ultimate goal should be for longevity profit and sales growth. In order to manage customer relations successfully, we should focus on the experience of the customer from start to finish. A process should be carefully thought out, and implemented to attract, interact and retain customers. An organization must remain stable, reliable, conscious and courteous. Great focus should be on the customer and showing them how they†¦show more content†¦Since technology plays a big role in today’s CRM efforts, a company cannot forget about the simple, personal side of making a customer feel appreciated at the same time. The World Wide Web is accessible for all to shop anywhere, anytime, and with lots of price options, however if you have a loyal customer that is getting a great experience with your company, then they will be more inclined to remain your customer (Greenburg, 2012). Customer Relationships, The Good and The Bad A new focus and new strategic marketing efforts have changed from over the last twenty years. We no longer only focus on the 4 P’s of marketing with generalized and large segment marketing, because it does not focus on individual wants, desires, needs and personal customer attention (Bang, 2012, p. 400). Previous generalized efforts, does not keep the customer front and center and there isn’t enough focus on doing business ethically, sociably, or culturally. These days, customers have many options at their fingertips via the Internet. There are many companies reaching out and persuading people around the clock from all over the world. So, having a strong CRM program in place is vital. Having a competitive advantage is one thing, but relating with your customers on a personal, ethical, and in socially responsible manner will provide an advantage and sustainable customer relationships. A company must start with the basics,Show MoreRelatedUnilevers Self-Assessment: An Analysis893 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to the case study, early results from the self-assessments led to improvements in a variety of areas. For example; the case study touts on page 8 improvements were identified in the areas of communication, process management and goal deployment. Since communication in any form is a strong component of a successful business, this one facet alone is well worth the self-assessment process if it succeeded in initiating those improvements. As one recent study determined strategic planningRead MoreBandon Group, Integrated case study Essay1225 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Integrated Case Study: Bandon Group, Inc. 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Time Management Essay - 600 Words

Time Management The largest percentage of my time went into sleeping which isn’t a surprise, however tracking how I used my time made it obvious that further time management was needed to achieve my maximum potential. Such improvements would be to the undesirable categories: Structured and Un-structured leisure, a decrease by half the amount of hours used by these categories would assist my private studies and improve my overall academic performance. This should lead to a third of my time into travelling, eating, class contact, structured and un-structured leisure. And another third into private study and finally the last third into sleeping. Trying this new arrangement of time keeping provided to be a positive outcome in my day to day†¦show more content†¦Managing my time was difficult at those weeks as it meant planning how to use the space provided in the diary, the style (font style) and presentation to allocate appropriate times for modules, meetings, and appointments, all of these must be effective and realistic to suite my life style. In addition, those weeks seems as an unpleasant challenge rather a positive experience to be a university student. I had little time to spend visiting and using the university facilities, which proved to aid my education i n the following weeks (wk 5-9). At the same time I tried compressing my available time for coursework research, preparation (making notes) before a particular lecture or assignments (e.g. cell biology essay), and keeping track of future assignments, etc. As a resulted it affected my sleeping time and lead to a lack of concentration during lectures, which suggested my time management was not suitable for me. In week 5 after attempting the human physiology MCQ, I scored below my average standards, which confirmed my time management wasn’t helping me at all and that my study skills need to improve too, therefore a change was taken seriously by cutting down nearly half the hours spent with structured and un-structured leisure, i.e. cutting down on TV, web-surfing, socializing, and gym activities. 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My Job Experience Free Essays

Narrative Story: The first-person narrative is a literary technique wherein a story is narrated explicitly by one or more of the characters, who refers to himself or herself in the first person as â€Å"I†. As the narrator express his/her own feelings, thoughts, and experiences, the narrator’s character is revealed and the reader easily gains insight to the character. It also suspends information from the reader, and therefore widely used and effective to suspense and detective fiction. We will write a custom essay sample on My Job Experience or any similar topic only for you Order Now My Job Experience I woke up with a loud ringing near my head. A few days back, or years to be exact, I would have easily put it off and dose back again on my soft pillows. Ahh, but this day was different. It’s my first day in my first job ever. I could hear my head pounding. I never needed the alarm clock in the first place anyway, since I hardly slept last night. I’ve always seen myself as a ‘cool guy’ but the butterlies in my stomach speaks much differently about me, though. I headed for the shower and felt the water slap me from my semi-half-awake half-asleep state. Breakfast! But where are my stockings? Though contrary to real day-today experience, I wish mom was here. Well, better get off now or I might miss the bus. I surely want to make a good first impression and hope this will carry me all the way to promotions. I can hardly wait right now to experience the sweet smell of success! I stopped myself as I saw a man staring at me. Daydreaming may have been written all over my face. Secretly, I pinched myself for making a fool of me. As I came inside the building, I headed for the shop to which I was assigned. Across the shop, Darlene Shepherd subtly nodded at me, acknowledging approval of my early arrival. She was the one who chose me as a shop steward. Of course, I wanted to prove my worth. I love the dignity of work, but best of all, I love to walk around the corner and shop just a liiiitle bit of little-bitty things. My first day in my first job closed shopped with less adventure than I expected. This routine, except for the case of the missing stockings, went on for some time. Until last April, I saw my coworker named Daniels crying. Apparently, she was reprimanded. I came near her. At first it felt awkward hugging her a bit ( we hardly knew each other except for our first names). But when I did, her tears fell all the more, and I was completely taken over by her concern It was mid-afternoon, she said when her legs became awfully painful trying to stand all day. As the pain became almost unbearable, she tried to sit on one of the chairs placed near the customer’s area. Though shoppers were becoming fewer by the moment, Mr. Jarvis (our head supervisor) came in just as she sat down on the couch. Think about perfect wrong- timing indeed! I could understand where Mr. Jarvis is coming from, since it did look the way it should’nt look. But termination? I tried to calm myself down. Being angry might give me my fifteen minutes of victory but it could defeat my career-history. I brought the case to higher management. I carefully chose and weighed my words and to my amazement†¦ they listened and relented. From then on my co-workers would start looking for me to speak for them whenever they have concerns that they feel uneasy to face with the supervisor or manager. I found myself getting more and more involved in my co-employees’ work-related concerns. I have learned to listen and empathize with them, without getting emotionally involved myself whenever the outcome turns out unfavorable. I never did saw myself before as what I am becoming right now. Lately, we’ve been involved in community outreach to feed the homeless. It’s a pretty sight to see big-muscled Jack teaching math to 5 year- old Sam. I’ve seen how generous below-middle class workers could be with their spare time. I thought plenty spells generosity, but my co-workers proved them wrong. Before we started this project, I honestly had some doubts as to its success and sustainability. Before, it was just us, me and the union. I believe in the union’s contribution to the betterment of the worker’s welfare. And yet, the more we ask, the more we see things to complain about. There seems to be no end on what to grudge about. Of course, as we go along helping the needy, there would be more things to sort out, too. And more things to improve on. Yeah, life as a shop steward does have its many rewards. Shopping? Maybe. For now I see my storehouse rich with life’s lessons — being my brother’s keeper (whether one is rich or not-so-rich), standing up for what is just and striving for equality. As we wrap our things and clean up the mess after the feeding program, all around me, I see tired happy faces. Tired, but happy. Reference: 1. â€Å"First-Person Narrative†. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/literary_styles How to cite My Job Experience, Papers

Organizational Culture Essay Example

Organizational Culture Essay Behavior in Globalized Context 1. What is the relationship between an institutional system and an organizational culture? The process when an â€Å"organization takes on a life of its own, apart from its founders or members, and acquires immortality† is called institutionalization by Robbins and Judge. That means that the organization in itself does not change even if the founder dies or important managers leave the company, it will remain basically the same in the future as it has been in the past. Furthermore, these institutions influence the behavior and make some actions more understood than they perhaps should be. For example a very authoritarian management behavior that obstructs innovations and harms the external view on the company, but is tolerated by the entrepreneur as he acts in the same way. Even though a company may have achieved its original goals, it will continue its business with new goals if it is institutionalized. Organizational culture can be defined as â€Å"a system of shared meaning held by members that distinguishes the organization from other organizations†. This shows that every organization is different because of its values that origin from the organization’s founders and from the employees who are specifically selected in consideration of these values. Robbins and Judge identify seven primary characteristics to describe a culture: innovation and risk taking, attention to detail, outcome orientation, people orientation, team orientation, aggressiveness and stability. We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Culture specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Culture specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Culture specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It is vital for a company to have a matching culture to the means of an organization: for instance should a high-technology firm not be afraid of risk-taking and ought to give high attention to detail and team orientation; a retailer in a very competitive market should rather be outcome oriented and does not necessarily have to be very innovative. All of these seven attitudes could also be used for human beings which points up that an organization with its own culture develops its own personality. Organizational culture can also be seen as a descriptive term how employees perceive a firm’s culture. Robbins and Judge call institutionalization the forerunner of organizational culture as it already exists for a significant longer time. In the past a firm was considered more as â€Å"rational -1- means† that was strictly organized, controlled and influenced people. It was not supposed to have an own personality, values and culture. When the concept of institutionalization was introduced, it was the first time to acknowledge that corporations are more than just a rational system, that people are a very important part of every organization and that these employees shape an organization as well as they are influenced by it. In the concept of organizational culture, the focus on the members of each organization is even stronger as business would not work without the employees. Therefore an institutional system and an organization’s culture can be seen as related to each other, but they are still two very different ways to direct employees. Both concepts show the importance of people in an organization and consider an organization as a person in itself. An organization has its own values and acts according to them. They continue to â€Å"live† even if the members of the organization change continuously. However, institutionalization regards rules and structures as necessary and even as substitutes for managerial discretion. It is more about controlling people to act in the desired manner and influence their behavior with direct orders or regulations. Organizational culture can be considered as a broader view: it contains all aspects that concern an organization’s members. Their minds and values also influence the rules and regulations and thus the institutional system of these companies. Thus, a strong culture can be considered superior to an institutional system within a company as the culture influences the employees who shape the rules of a firm and is extremely difficult to change. 2. How does organizational culture help management? Organizational culture has a lot of functions and effects on a firm and its members: it helps to distinguish between different organizations; it creates a common identity for employees; culture can generate a high commitment of an organization’s members; it secures the social system within a firm; and it can be a control and directing system for employees. For the management this means that organizational culture is a very important part of the hiring process and facilitates the selection of people if they have equal skills. An applicant should not only have the soft and hard skills (i. e. communication skills, networking competency, computer skills, business or technical knowledge etc. ), but ought to fit also into a company’s culture, thus he or she should have similar beliefs and values to those of the organization. Moreover, a strong culture helps the management to motivate the employees for common goals and to build a strong esprit de corps which is a fundamental part of success in several departments (e. g. in the sales department as some studies show1). It also ensures that employees act in a consistent manner with the core values. The latter is particularly a very important point when employees represent their firm while talking to customers or at business conferences. As already mentioned above, organizational culture can show how employees perceive an organization’s culture. But you have to distinguish how strong and dominant a culture is: normally there is one dominant culture within a company – this term describes core values shared by the organization’s members – but several subcultures that share the same core values but have differing departmental values. This implies that even the change from one department to another within a firm can include a change in some important values for the employee and should be wisely considered therefore. The strength of a culture describes how intensely an organization’s core values are shared and how they are shared within the firm. Hence, in a strong culture the management doesn’t have to pay so much attention to formal rules and regulations to influence employees because the culture already creates an internal climate of behavioral control and employees acknowledge these rules already as part of the organizational culture. Therefore it is easier for the management to focus on its main tasks and not only on controlling people if there is a strong and commonly shared and accepted culture. Furthermore, an elaborate and widely shared organizational culture influences the organizational climate positively. This in turn is motivating for employees to act in a company’s best interest: if performance is promoted, employees try to perform as well as possible; if innovation is the main target, the staff will try to enhance current products, develop new products and are willing to take more risk for that than in a climate that supports stability. It is therefore vital for the management to pursue a climate that is consistent with the company’s goals in order to achieve a maximum performance by the employees. However, a strong organizational culture is not always beneficial and can be a serious managerial challenge. In the last couple of years the need for change management was widely recognized in academic and in practical fields2. A strong culture can be one main reason for 1 E. g. Jones, Eli, Dixon, Andrea L. , Chonko, Lawrence B. and Joseph P. Cannon, Key Accounts and Team Selling: A Review, Framework, and Research Agenda, 2005, Journal of Personal Selling Sales Management, vol. XXV, no. 2, pp. 181-198. 2 E. g. Kotter, John P. Leading Change: Why Transformation Efforts Fail, Harvard Business Review, January 2007. this need as it often hinders innovation as the company – often influenced especially by the founder – wants to continue its business as it did before even though the environment has changed and there is an urgent need for change. Moreover, managers need to pay attention that organizational culture doesn’t lead to uniform employees – especially in big globalized corporations, diversity in age, gender, ethnical and demographical background is required to be successful all around the world. In the case of mergers and acquisitions, management needs to be aware that the fit of organizational culture is nowadays the main challenge for success as the merger of two different cultures often fails. 3. How do you build up an organizational culture? The foundation of an organization’s culture is always laid by the entrepreneur right in the beginning of an organization. It’s the founder’s visions and beliefs that determine the goals, the values and the behavior. And these visions can also be seen as the basic for the recruiting process in the first stages of an enterprise as only people are hired that match the founder’s ideas. These new employees are in turn influenced by the founder to â€Å"internalize their beliefs, values and assumptions†. This is how a culture is established in the first place. But the entrepreneurs and their first employees can only be seen as a first generation and it needs much more to maintain an organizational culture. The next step is the selection of new employees (they could be called second generation and so on). They must meet the company’s requirement for skills and have consistent values with the company, too. Often the latter is a main point for hiring someone or not because it is essential for a firm living on and to have employees that can perform very well. As companies get bigger – but also in smaller firms – it becomes more important that the statements and actions of every top executive is consistent with the organizational values as this group of people is considered as role models for all employees. Especially the coherent mix of recruiting new employees and the management acting in the sense of the organization’s culture is vital for the culture to be sustainable. Still, there is more than the founder and the recruitment process that is necessary to build up an organizational culture. The process of socialization, that describes how new members adapt to the existing organizational culture, is influenced by the selection process and the top management’s behavior. It can be divided into three main stages according to Robbins and Judge. Before a new employee starts to work in the company, he or she already imagines what it will be like to work there and how the organizational culture will look like. This stage can be called â€Å"prearrival†. Most of the expectations come from the organization’s actions in the past, from news about the company and from own or friends’ experience. This stage shows again the importance of the recruitment process as it can be looked at as a last opportunity to inform applicants about the culture and to see if they really fit in it. The next stage â€Å"encounter† describes the start of work for new employees. There will be a very important comparison of what the new employee expected in the prearrival stage and what reality in the organization really looks like. If these two perspectives differ too far from each other, the selection process didn’t succeed and it is vital that colleagues and team-members help the new member to acclimatize with the culture if this person is ought to stay in the company. The third and final stage of socialization – â€Å"metamorphosis† – describes the process how new employees change their behavior due to an organizational culture. If these changes are rather small or pretty radical depends on the culture’s design: all new employees will develop in the same direction and act in a predictable way if a newcomer is strongly differentiated from the other employees, the socialization process takes place in groups, the training phase and the career steps are fixed, the new employees get a mentor assigned and the organization tries to form a newcomer’s characteristics. This is mostly in organizations that have strict rules, processes and hierarchies the case. Even though it does not promote innovative practices, it raises employees’ commitment for the company. Therefore, every firm has to decide which shape its culture should assume dependent on the desired outcome. If the socialization process was successful, the newcomers have adapted to the formal and especially to the informal rules of the organization, they know their evaluation criteria and feel integrated within their team and the company. Consequently, the newcomer’s productivity and commitment increases and the turnover rate decreases. Once the culture is implemented into employees, it doesn’t mean that the management doesn’t need to keep culture alive. There are several ways to motivate and influence the workers to behave in the company’s manner. First, stories build up connections between normal employees and the company’s founders, its success or its operations in the past. Stories make it easier for people to associate themselves with the firm and help the management to justify their actions. Second, rituals emphasize a corporation’s key values, goals and employees. A ritual can be for example a song or a dance in order to motivate the employees for work. Third, an organization represents itself also by material symbols. That means that if a company attaches high importance to hierarchy and authority, the management will have big cars, big offices and a lot of privileges. If team work is in the focus, there will be more open spaces and rooms for group work. Finally, a company-own language is also a possibility to let employees identify themselves with the company. There are many terms used only in a firm-specific context and employees feel as a real part of the company when they know them all. All mentioned points emphasize how important it is for the management to build up an organizational culture that is consistent with the company’s goals and to recruit employees who really fit into that culture. There are several ways to design the culture and thereby direct the employees, but this should always happen in terms of the desired outcome and not arbitrarily. Organizational Culture Essay Example Organizational Culture Essay Organizational Culture Essay Organizational culture is a complex concept including many different meanings. In this essay, the definition of organizational culture is described as a set of shared values and norms that controls organization members interaction with each other, and with suppliers,customers and others outside the organization, given by Gareth Jones. According to Morgans theory, metaphor is a method to explain a phenomenon or create meaning by using one element of experience to understand another. Organizational culture Using this method to analyze culture can be divided into three levels according to Scheins model of organizational culture, which are artefacts, espoused values and basic underlying assumptions and values so that it is more than material and visible. Using culture metaphor could create a way to even the most rational part of organization. Organizational culture plays a key role in the design of organizational structure. According to Cartwright and Coopers four main types of organizational culture i. e. ower culture, role culture, task culture and person culture, in these different types, the structure tends to be influenced by organizational cultures and be changed as the development of organizational culture. To be more specific, in power culture, the organization is likely leaded by one person or a small group. Through managers making informal decisions, the rays of influence start from the central figures to the other employees. In the effect of working of t his type organizational culture, the structure is often small and simple not concerning much about formal structure and working processes. We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Culture specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Culture specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Culture specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer When the external changes occur, the organization can reflect fast and efficiently with small and centralized power. In contrast, if the size of the organization is larger and the structure is more complex, most employees are provided with limited freedom and of long distance from central power. As a result, power culture may fail to adjust under the organization changes and falls apart. In terms of role culture, the figures are as following: firstly, managers specialize jobs of high level and operate the organization with complete system of formalized behaviour and principle. Secondly, the hierarchy of the organization is clear and vertical communication is taken into account. Moreover, role and job description are more significant than individuals. With this type of organizational culture, the designer may choose functional and decentralized structure, for example, bureaucracy to meet the organization values. The third type of organizational culture is task culture. The core values in the culture is democratic thought and sense of efficiency. It concentrates on group participation and team work. The individual potentiality and enthusiasm are fully released. In task culture, professional knowledge and creativity ingenuity is highly respected whist power or ranking of position is less effective. With the effect of task culture, the organizational structure is often matrix structures or adhocracy. Especially, this type of organizational culture is likely to exist in the organization with the goal of development and experiment. As a result, the organization may reflect quickly facing organization change. The last type of organizational culture is person culture. With the culture, the central focus is individual and the organization itself and its structure serve the person. The purpose is to release ones potential so that the development of individual is primary instead of the group. With the influence of task culture, the organization structure is likely decentralized and informal such as in law office. These four types of organizational culture affect organization structure respectively. In addition, organization structure development and adjustment may enhance dominant culture, create sub-culture and even restrain previous culture partly. The changes of organization culture contribute to the adjustment of organization structure in turn. National differences are apparent and national culture is important to organizational culture. In this essay, the effects of national culture on organizational culture are analyzed by the five dimensions theory of Geert Hofstede, which includes power distance, uncertainty avoidance index, individualism versus collectivism, masculine versus feminality and long vs short term orientation. Power distance means the extent to which members of a nation are prepared to accept unequal distribution of power, wealth and prestige. the higher the distance is, the less equality the culture seem to be. For instance, America is a country with lower power distance, employees from America tend to not accept management privilege concept. As a result, organizational culture is more equal between employee and manager and employees are more likely to study and realize personal value. In terms of uncertainty avoidance index, it is ways in which society has developed methods to deal with uncertainty. In the high uncertainty avoidance society, employees are under sense of tense so that they desire to work hard and gain more. For example, Japan is of high uncertainty avoidance index country, total quality management success in Japanese organizations for high level of participation. The third dimension is individualism versus collectivism. It involves the degree to which individuals in a culture are expected to act independently of other members of the society. In an organization, employees with collectivism are more likely to ask for care of other members meanwhile repay organization with loyalty. Japan and China are two typical collectivism societies. In the dimension of masculinity, which refers to clear separation of gender roles, men in highly masculine cultures are expected to be more assertive and women nurturing. America is high masculinity society. Important decisions tend to be made by high position managers. Employees change jobs more frequently so that they have less sense of organization identity. The latest dimension is long term versus short term orientation It is a concept of East versus West. Employees in China have more sense of shame and persistence and the organization relationship is more ordered than Eastern culture. According to Gareth Morgans theory, power exists in various ways. To be more specific, organization can be considered as political systems. In different culture, power shows in different situations. For instance, leader in the organization has the position power, which is not the nature of personal relationship. It is defined as formal authority. Secondly, organization gain power and control using complete rules and regulations to standardize employees behaviour. Moreover, scarce resources, including promote,increased responsibilities, allocation of work, granting privilege, is another source of power. In addition, control of boundaries, control of technology, control of decision process, control of knowledge and information are all different ways of power exits in the organization. In conclusion, one of the major strengths of the culture metaphor rests in the fact that it directs attention to the symbolic significance of even the most rational pats of organizational life. According to four types of organizational culture, they affect organization structure in many ways. The structure should fit the organizational culture and improve development each other. With the examples of Japan, America and China, the effects of national culture on organizational culture are described into five dimensions. At last, according to the Morgan metaphor, power exists in different organizational culture in different ways. Bibliography L. Mullins, Management and Organizational Behavior, 9th ed. Prentice Hall G. Morgan (1986), Images of Organization, Sage Publications, Inc.